LED

Articles, Papers, Case-Studies & Reports

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Local governance and the informal economy: Experiences in promoting decent work in the Philippines This report, “Local Governance and the Informal Economy: Experiences in Promoting Decent Work in the Philippines,” illustrates how economic development can be promoted in local jurisdictions and presents a number of strategies carried out in the Philippines. It particularly shows how the powers and functions of local governments are used to advance decent work, especially in extending formal mechanisms of recognition and protection to workers in the informal economy.
May 2013 Number of comments: 0

ON FORESTS Natural resources provide vital services and resources to people, with at least 1.6 billion people directly depending on forests for their livelihoods including food, firewood, fodder, water, and medicine. The majority of these people are poor and live in and around forests. Often, local communities play a crucial role in forest stewardship. In the occasion of the United Nations Forum on Forests, taking place between the 8 and 19 of April 2013, in Istanbul, Turkey, we wanted to share some resources on the topic. Number of comments: 0

MANAGING INFORMALITY: Local government practices and approaches towards the informal economy This report presents six learning examples from Kenya, Mali, Rwanda, South Africa and Tanzania on how local governments are engaging with the informal economy in different ways, using different approaches and methods. Although not every initiative is a success story right from the beginning, the presented case studies clearly illustrate that municipalities and city councils across the continent have started to recognise the importance of the informal economy and that its negation is often impeding economic growth and sustainable livelihoods. Both successful and less successful initiatives provide valuable lessons for local governments across the continent dealing with the informal economy. Number of comments: 0

Gender Equality and Economic Growth: Is there a Win-Win? To what extent does gender equality contribute to economic growth? And to what extent does the reverse relationship hold true? There are a growing number of studies exploring these relationships, generally using cross-country regression analysis. They are characterised by varying degrees of methodological rigour to take account of the problems associated with econometric analysis at this highly aggregated level, including the problems of reverse causality. Bearing these problems in mind, a review of this literature suggests that the relationship between gender equality and economic growth is an asymmetrical one. The evidence that gender equality, particularly in education and employment, contributes to economic growth is far more consistent and robust than the relationship that economic growth contributes to gender equality in terms of health, wellbeing and rights. From a growth perspective, therefore, the promotion of certain dimensions of gender equality may appear to offer a win-win solution but from a gender equity perspective, there is no guarantee that growth on its own will address critical dimensions of gender equality. Either growth strategies would need to be reformulated to be more inclusive in their impacts or redistributive measures would need to be put in place to ensure that men and women benefit more equally from growth.
Feb 2013 Number of comments: 0

FORO VIRTUAL SOBRE DESARROLLO ECONÓMICO LOCAL Y ECONOMÍA DEL DESARROLLO Este articulo sitúa el enfoque del Desarrollo Económico Local dentro de la agenda de reflexión y acción de la Economía Política del Desarrollo
2012 Number of comments: 0

The Political Economy of Food Security in North Africa The recent global food price shock, combined with the political upheaval in North Africa, provides an opportune moment for the North African countries, along with the international community, to take stock of the food security status of the region and to reappraise food security strategies in countries like Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, Algeria, Morocco and Mauritania. The paper clearly highlights that food security or food sovereignty in the North Africa region cannot be approached from a purely economic perspective. It also has deep political connotations – as seen by the role that food prices played in the domestic politics of the Arab Spring, as well as by the geopolitical implications of relying on a small number of international grain suppliers for a large part of the region’s food requirements.
2012 Number of comments: 0

Transforming Cities with Transit The integration of transit and land use is one of the most important strategic initiatives for developing more sustainable urban futures. Achieving effective integration requires a cogent, forward-looking strategic vision of the future city; an enabling institutional framework; and sustainable financial models. This newly released report promotes sustainable urban development through cross-sector integration by focusing on the careful coordination of transit and land development.
2013 Number of comments: 0

OECD Report on Measuring the Potential of Local Green Growth: An Analysis of Greater Copenhagen This report presents, for the first time a local ‘green growth’ indicator framework. This indicator framework was developed from the OECD ‘green growth’ strategy at the national level, but modified to highlight issues of transition that are most relevant for local areas. The Copenhagen report is the first trialling of this approach, along with an indicator visualisation tool – or dashboard. The dashboard allows easy assessment of the progress of a particular local area in a number of indicator variables.
Dec 2012 Number of comments: 0

Sub-national Revenue Mobilization in Latin America and Caribbean Countries: The Case of Venezuela This paper analyzes the high fiscal dependence of Venezuelan states and municipalities on the central government and the political economy process embedded in the interaction between the central government and sub-national entities. Also explored is whether there is scope to increase sub-national governments’ revenues, improve the current intergovernmental transfer system, and reduce horizontal imbalances; of particular importance is analyzing the impact of current transfer mechanisms on sub-national governments’ revenues volatility. Following a presentation of Venezuela’s economic background, public sector and fiscal variables, the paper describes the process of decentralization, inter-governmental transfer mechanisms and revenue volatility, and local governments’ own revenues. Subsequently presented are sub-national governments’ fiscal dependence and its determinants, followed by options for revenue mobilization and improving the transfer mechanism. The paper concludes with a summary and policy recommendations.
2012 Number of comments: 0

Radio Programmes for Small Businesses: Using Media for Local Economic Development in Ghana This publication has four main purposes. First, it informs local authorities and business associations in Ghana about the benefits of setting up industrial zones in their localities. Second, decision makers will learn about what has been achieved so far through the support to industrial areas in various regions of Ghana. Third, the document aims to share experiences on how to use radio programmes for economic development initiatives such as industrial zones at the local level. It also targets local media, especially radio, and demonstrates what they can do to create interesting programmes for small businesses and to support local economic development at the same time. Last, but not least the publication seeks to contribute to a wider knowledge sharing among stakeholders as well as the public at large on how to use media for public private dialogue. The publication is accompanied by a video documentary that comes in English and Twi versions. Number of comments: 0

Up-scaling Local Economic Development: Lessons from the Ghana Decent Work Programme How can we maximize the institutional and policy impacts of Local Economic Development (LED) projects? The lessons learned from the LED component of the Ghana Decent Work Programme (GDWP) show that LED can have sustainable impact at local and national levels alike. This case studies analyzes the institutional and policy impacts of a local economic development strategy and its success factors.
Dec 2012 Number of comments: 0

El cooperativismo en América Latina. Una diversidad de contribuciones al desarrollo sostenible. La Oficina Regional de la OIT para América Latina y el Caribe y la Oficina Regional de la ACI Américas presentan el debate sobre el aporte real del cooperativismo al desarrollo económico y social en el continente e incentivar una nueva etapa de fortalecimiento del cooperativismo en la región. Number of comments: 0

Signaling Creditworthiness in Peruvian Microfinance Markets: The Role of Information Sharing Using borrower-level data from FINCA, one of Peru’s leading microfinance institu- tions (MFIs), this paper evaluates the effect on borrowers’ access to credit of FINCA’s decision to share information on individual outstanding debt records (positive infor- mation) as well as group default records (negative information). Since all borrowers were simultaneously exposed to the same policy, the paper develops a creative iden- tification strategy that relies on the exogenous variation of the opening and closing dates of loan cycles across lending groups. A credit expansion effect is identified for some borrowers in FINCA who looked more creditworthy after their positive records were exposed, suggesting that other lenders targeted FINCA clients with good credit records. This credit expansion effect seems to have hurt FINCA through higher default rates as its better clients were skimmed off.
Oct 2012 Number of comments: 0

Doing Business 2013 World Bank & IFC Report Finds Developing Countries Made Significant Progress in Improving Business Regulations Doing Business analyzes regulations that apply to an economy’s businesses during their life cycle, including start-up and operations, trading across borders, paying taxes, and protecting investors. The aggregate ease of doing business rankings are based on 10 indicators and cover 185 economies. Doing Business does not measure all aspects of the business environment that matter to firms and investors. For example, it does not measure the quality of fiscal management, other aspects of macroeconomic stability, the level of skills in the labor force, or the resilience of financial systems. Its findings have stimulated policy debates worldwide and enabled a growing body of research on how firm-level regulation relates to economic outcomes across economies. This year’s report marks the 10th edition of the global Doing Business report series.
2012-13 Number of comments: 0

Cities with Jobs: Confronting the Employment Challenge; Policy paper The underlying research project was aimed at exploring the potential of linking the agenda for Decent Work with the City Development Strategies. In that sense, the ILO produced a research paper looking at employment promotion in cities around the world, a Policy Paper which shows the conclusions of this research and three case studies (from Brazil, the Philippines and South Africa).
Oct 2012 Number of comments: 0

De la casa a la formalidad. Experiencias de la Ley de Microempresas Familiares en Chile. Este libro analiza los contenidos de la Ley de microempresas familiares en Chile y sus potencialidades para disminuir la informalidad en que operan muchas de estas. Revisa los mecanismos institucionales para la puesta en marcha de la Ley y los efectos que ha logrado en el desarrollo de las microempresas familiares. Reflexiona sobre el nuevo entorno de política pública hacia el sector de la micro y pequeña empresa y la importancia de contar con regulaciones apropiadas. A través de estudios de casos sobre el proceso de aplicación de la Ley en tres regiones, la publicación analiza el papel de los municipios y otros actores públicos, así como de las organizaciones gremiales y otros actores locales. Las investigaciones realizadas en terreno muestran, además, el tipo de microempresa que ha logrado mayor beneficio a través de la formalización y los impactos que este tipo de instrumento puede tener en beneficio de una mayor equidad socioeconómica y de género.
2006 Number of comments: 0

Skills Development Pathways in Asia Skills and educational development for inclusive and sustainable growth are becoming significant drivers in OECD countries. Asian countries are not lagging behind on the challenge; on the contrary, they are taking diverse pathways in skills training and education to achieve the end. This report focuses on current efforts in 15 countries in the Asian region: Australia, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. Together, these countries represent one of the most dynamic regions in the world, with steady growth, even during the recent financial crisis.
July 2012 Number of comments: 0

Case study of the African Cashew Initiative - Focus: Ghana. Lessons from working with new and multiple partners - Emerging Results The African Cashew Initiative (ACi) is a multi-country programme that is pioneering a formalised co-funding and implementation structure with various public and private partners and development organisations. It offers valuable lessons from managing multi-stakeholder partnerships, and collaboration between more ‘traditional’ development organisations and new donors like the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Further, the ACi’s evolving approach to results measurement, and the challenges and opportunities encountered in integrating African smallholders into global value chains offer interesting insights.
July 2012 Number of comments: 0

OECD Regions at a Glance 2011 The differences between countries are often not as great as the disparities within them. OECD Regions at a Glance makes these differences across “places” apparent and unpacks what they imply for national performance and individual welfare. It does so by providing region-by-region indicators that help to identify areas that are outperforming or lagging behind in their country, as well as the OECD area. This publication aims to provide evidence on the progress OECD regions have made towards more sustainable development, and to help policy makers identify which factors drive the competitive edge of regions and what local resources could be better mobilised to increase national growth and people’s well-being.
2011 Number of comments: 0

The role of Cooperatives and Business Associations in Value Chain Development Briefing paper on the role that coops and business associations play in value chain development approaches
July 2012 Number of comments: 0

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