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Sub-national Revenue Mobilization in Latin America and Caribbean Countries: The Case of Venezuela This paper analyzes the high fiscal dependence of Venezuelan states and municipalities on the central government and the political economy process embedded in the interaction between the central government and sub-national entities. Also explored is whether there is scope to increase sub-national governments’ revenues, improve the current intergovernmental transfer system, and reduce horizontal imbalances; of particular importance is analyzing the impact of current transfer mechanisms on sub-national governments’ revenues volatility. Following a presentation of Venezuela’s economic background, public sector and fiscal variables, the paper describes the process of decentralization, inter-governmental transfer mechanisms and revenue volatility, and local governments’ own revenues. Subsequently presented are sub-national governments’ fiscal dependence and its determinants, followed by options for revenue mobilization and improving the transfer mechanism. The paper concludes with a summary and policy recommendations.
Fiscal Decentralisation in Philippines This report examines the fiscal decentralisation experience in Philippines. Since 1991, the central government has devolved significant spending, taxing, and borrowing powers to local governments. This paper discusses fiscal decentralization in the Philippines. It reviews the tax regimes in view of the vertical and horizontal fiscal gaps. Local governments receive intergovernmental fiscal transfer or block grants called the ‘internal revenue allotment’ based on a formula that has population, land size and equal sharing as criteria. In contrast, performance-based grants seem to open pathways for instilling greater accountability on the part of local governments. To make financing more accessible and competitive to local governments, it demonstrates the need to pursue further reforms in credit markets.
Decentralization and Local Development in Jordan Report of a regional workshop held in Amman and organized by AS Amman, Visions Center For Strategic and Development Studies, to analyze decentralization and local development in Jordan.
Real Democratization in Cambodia? An Empirical Review of the Potential of a Decentralization Reform The UN-led intervention in Cambodia in 1992/93 could not in itself achieve transition to democracy; at best it could lay the institutional foundations. In the process of democratizing Cambodia has had major impediments to overcome in terms of its political culture, its violent recent history and its institutional limitations. The ongoing decentralization reform - including inter alia local elections, invention by appropriate state institutions and popular participation - is expected to achieve both reconstruction and democratization, but the outcome is far from certain. This article investigates popular perceptions of the evolving decentralization reform and the views of representatives of the commune authorities. The aim is to empirically analyze some of the key dimensions of this reform, namely its role in post-conflict reconstruction, local democratization and local development. In line with other research – our results suggest that the country is moving towards agreement that the decentralization reform has brought improvements in the quality of local governance; there is broad appreciation, greater democratic space, improved commune administration performance and increased accountability. Decentralization reform in Cambodia has so far triggered two distinct macro processes. Firstly, it has opened up political space in a benevolent and democratic way. This has facilitated the growth of a (more) positive relationship between civil society and the local state, reduced the governance gap and enhanced the legitimacy of the local state. Secondly, it has reconnected the local and the central state apparatus since the local state has acquired a central role in a bold public sector reform that attracts attention and some financial resources.
Impacts Consequences of Autonomies in Bolivia: Elements for a Discussion This paper brings the proposal for a second round of reforms aimed to deep decentralization in Bolivia to light for a wider audience, and informs and enriches the current debate within Bolivia on how autonomies can be implemented in ways that strengthen democracy and give voice to the poor. In this sense, it discusses the possible effects on public investment patterns, government responsiveness, government fiscal relations, the sustainability of public finances, and political accountability.
Stratégies de Développement en Guinée Présentation des stratégies de développement adoptées en Guinée en faveur des pauvres. Il s'agit des stratégies à des niveaux différents, au niveau national (croissance en faveur des pauvres et partenariat public-privé), au niveau régional/local (DEL), au niveau des filières (développement des chaînes de valeur) et au niveau des entreprises (approche participative de cycles de 6 mois de services d'appui aux entreprises). Les approches ne s'excluent pas l'une l'autre, mais sont complémentaires et peuvent être appliquées selon vos domaines d'intervention.
Dynamique de l'emploi dans les gouvernorats du Kef et de Gafsa Cette étude porte sur l’emploi des jeunes dans deux gouvernorats de l’Ouest tunisien, ceux de Gafsa et du Kef, qui sont parmi les plus frappés par le chômage. Bien qu’un grand nombre de projets de développement aient été réalisés dans ces deux gouvernorats et que bien d’autres soient en cours, toujours avec l’espoir de créer plus d’emplois, le problème du chômage reste en effet posé et les progrès en la matière sont encore lents. Pourquoi donc est-il plus difficile de créer assez d’emplois pour les jeunes dans cette région, notamment dans ces deux gouvernorats, et quels sont les facteurs qui expliquent cette difficulté ?
LIVRE BLANC / Tunisie La révolution du 14 janvier 2011 a projeté au premier plan la question des écarts de développement entre les régions. Durant plusieurs décennies, des régions entières de la Tunisie ont été écartées du processus de développement national qui s’est construit essentiellement sur le littoral. Des territoires entiers de l’intérieur du pays sont restés enfermés dans leur vocation économique traditionnelle qui les a condamnés à la stagnation. L’un des devoirs majeurs, que doivent remplir les autorités publiques, consiste à corriger les déséquilibres régionaux grâce à l’impulsion d’une dynamique de convergence entre les régions. Le développement régional est le moyen privilégié de relever ces défis. Il a pour objectif d’accroître le potentiel socio-économique et environnemental, et la compétitivité des régions dans le but d’améliorer le niveau et la qualité de vie de population. A cet égard, il favorise une dynamique de développement équilibré, et l’atténuation voire l’élimination des disparités régionales. Par disparités régionales, il faut entendre les disparités de développement économique, social et environnemental d’une ampleur telle qu’elles sont perçues par la société comme étant insoutenables. Pour poser les fondements d’une nouvelle stratégie de lutte contre ces disparités, ce rapport présente une réflexion d’ensemble sur une nouvelle politique de développement régional.
Labour oriented participation in municipalities: How decentralized social dialogue can benefit the urban economy and its sectors With the continuous trend towards decentralization, a growing number of local authorities and/or other urban actors have engaged in labour-related participation. Yet, there is a need to analyse what has been done, to contrast the labour-related experiences with participatory experiences in other fields (sanitation, housing, etc.) as well as to analyse the value-added of a labour-related approach. These are issues addressed by this paper.
ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability A non-profit association of local governments, ICLEI works worldwide with cities, towns and counties to promote sustainable development. The website provides a comprehensive overview of the 1000+ partners and their programmes, plus a multilingual (EN, FR, PR, SP) resource bank on local sustainable development case studies, initiatives, reports and useful links.
Sub-Regional Conference on Local Economic Development
Strategic Review of Local Economic Development in South Africa Study that looks back and reflects on the last 15 years of LED interventions in South Africa, as well as looking forward at how to deal with 14 key strategic challenges for the implementation of LED in South Africa.
Diagnóstico de la situación del Desarrollo Económico Territorial y el Empleo (DETE) en Chile El paper discute si las actuales políticas de apoyo a la innovación van en la línea también de poder contribuir al desarrollo económico y al empleo en los territorios.
Local Development for Decent Work This booklet is one of six parts to that kit, serving as a gateway into ILO expertise and knowledge on the regional priority area of local development for decent work. It explains in a brief and user-friendly manner why this is a regional priority, the issues it addresses and how the ILO can help its social partners, detailing the available approaches, strategies and tools and possible partnerships. Where applicable, examples of good practices or adaptable projects are included.
Cities Network The South African Cities Network is an established network of South African cities and partners that encourages the exchange of information, experience and best practices on urban development and city management. In their website you can find a compilation of success stories, reports and tools for edge updates on new trends of urban policies, sharing best practices and fostering cooperation between policy leaders, promoting innovation and strategic thinking between cities and other authorities, to the scope of mobilising the capacity of cities to support local governments and national development.
Innovations in poverty reduction: The role of local government This ODI public event addresses the importance of sub-national authorities and governments for poverty reduction. It highlights some lessons learned in Latin America and the UK, drawing implications on their relevance across the development world. You may here find the report and the podcast of the event.
ICT4LED The initiative for this blog was born out of a comment in a resource entry of the platform. We are living in the era of the Knowledge Economy, Information and Communication Technologies, ICTs for Development, User-Created Content, and infinite other codes that describe the phenomenon. But who benefits, and how? How can ICTs help institutions, students or entreprenueurs of young SMEs in remote places, what simpler techonologies can we turn into tools for success, what role for local governments in confronting the digital divide, etc?
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